[ effect of acute aerobic exercise on glucagon -like peptide-1 [GLP-1] serum changes levels, in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus]

Introduction: The glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], is a neuropeptide and an incretin that helps regulate glucose and insulin concentrations. The effects of acute aerobic exercise however on the response of GLP-1 are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on glucagon -like peptide-1 [GLP-1] serum levels, glucose and insulin in women with type II diabetes mellitus

Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 patients with type II diabetes were enrolled in two groups [experimental and control]. The experimental group underwent aerobic training one times [running on treadmill] with moderate intensity 65-75% HR max to exhaustion. Blood samples before exercise, immediately after and 24 hours after exercise were collected for measuring GLP-1, glucose and Insulin

Results: Results showed that none of sampling time effects on GLP-1, glucose and insulin were significant [p>0.05]. also, Pearson correlation showed that was significant relationship between GLP-1 changes levels and glucose [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Results indicate that in women with type II diabetes, acute aerobic exercise, with moderate intensity to exhaustion immediately and 24 hours after exercise has no effect on serum levels of GLP-1, glucose and insulin

[Comparison of bone mineral density in lumbar spine between athletic and non-athletic premenopausal women]

The purpose of the present research was to compare the bone mineral density [BMD] of lumbar spine between athletic and non-athletic premenopausal women. Fifteen female athletes [runner] with the mean age of 33.80 +/- 4.81 years, mean height of 164.13 +/- 5.31 cm, mean weight of 57.33 +/- 4.22 kg, and mean body mass index [BMI] of 21.41 +/- 2.21 kg/m2 and 15 female non-athletes with yhe mean age of 36.73 +/- 5.02 years, mean height of 161.20 +/- 4.17 cm, mean weight of 68.00 +/- 10.67 kg, and mean BMI of 26.78 +/- 4.34 kg/m2 at the premenopausal age [30-45 years] were participated. The BMD of lumbar spines were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]. The collected data were analyzed through t-test statistical methods. Based on T-score and Z-score criteria, all of athletes had normal bone tissue while, 13.3 percent of non-athletes were osteopenic. Moreover, the BMD of lumbar in athletes was significantly more than nonathletes. Furthermore, in the lumbar spine region, significant differences observed between the T-score and Z-score values for both athletes and non athletes. It seems likely that running can increase the BMD of lumbar in premenopausal women; therefore, it can play an important role in preventing osteoporosis as an effective non-medicine method

Can yoga be considered as an effective supportive psychological intervention with an impact on the quality of life for breast cancer survivors?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to address the current lack of knowledge regarding the effects of yoga, an ancient oriental science, on reduction of stress and increase of Quality of Life [QoL] for breast cancer patients

Patients and methods:27 breast cancer patients, who had completed their standard medical therapies, including surgery [modified radical mastectomy], chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were recruited from the Mehrane Charity Centre. The patients were randomly assigned to a yoga intervention group [n: 16] or a wait list [control group] [n: 11] for 32 sessions [16 weeks] of a yoga program. The pre- and post-yoga quality of life assessments for the patients were conducted using the Iranian Version of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 questionnaire

Results: After 16 weeks of yoga intervention and evaluation of physical, social, emotional, functional, sexual and body image well-being, it was revealed that our experimental group [mean age of 48.5 +/- 6.6 years old] had a significant decrease in emotional and sexual disturbance and experienced an improvement in positive body imaging compared with the control group [mean age: 46.9 +/- 8 years old] [P value<0.05]. Furthermore, significant improvement in functional, emotional, and body image well-being was observed after yoga intervention in the experimental group in comparison to baseline condition [P value<0.05]

Conclusion: Results of this study provide evidence for beneficial effects of a yoga program on the quality of life among breast cancer survivors

[Comparison of the effects of methadone and morphine on postoperative pain scale following thoracic surgery in opium addict patients]

Post operative pain is cause of suffering in most patients and can cause a lot of problems. Analgesic effects of many narcotics have been widely studied. In this study, the effects of methadone and morphine on postoperative pain scale following thoracic surgery in opium addict patients were assessed. In this clinical trial and double blind study, sixty opium addict patients [ASA I, II], aged 20-65 yr, were randomly allocated into two groups. Thirty minutes before induction of general anesthesia the first group received 0.1 mg/kg methadone and the second group received 0.1 mg/kg morphine. The two groups were assessed and compared in regard to the intensity of pain and meperidine requirement in the first post operative 24 hr. Intensity of post operative pain and meperidine requirement in the methadone group were significantly lower than those in the morphine group [P<0.01]. Administration of 0.1mg/kg methadone as premedication for opium addict patients reduces the post operative pain more than morphine. Therefore, premedication with methadone for opium addict patients undergoing thoracic surgery is recommended

[Evaluation of the effect of daily work and resultant tiredness on near steroacuity in intermittent exotropic patients]

Variations in sterioacuity may be used in an assessment of intermittent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia is divergent squint of eyes that is worsened due to daily visual tasks and its resultant tiredness therefore the amount of deviation increases. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of daily work and resultant tiredness on near sterioacuity among intermittent exotropic patients. In this cross-sectional study, 600 dormitory students of Mashad University of Medical Sciences, ranging in age from 21 to 23 years, examined with alternate cover test to diagnose intermittent exotropic cases. 30 students had intermittent exotropia and along with 15 normal cases constituted the case-control group. Sterioacuity was measured twice, in the morning and at night, with Randot-SO 001 test. Suppression was checked with Bagoloni striate lens and 4 prism diopter base out test. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software [version 13]. The measured deviation in intermittent exotropic cases showed a significant difference between the deviation in the morning and late at night among 23.33% [7 cases] [P=0.00]. In addition, sterioacuity decreased significantly at night, [P=0.00] among these cases. Despite the increase in the deviation among 53.3% [16 cases] at night, steriacuity was not changed significantly. 23.33% [7 cases] did not show any changes in the morning and at night, both in deviation amount and sterioacuity measurement. In most intermittent exotropic cases, there is no significant correlation between intermittent exotropia and near sterioacuity variations after daily work and resultant tiredness [P<0.696]

[Olanzapine augmentation therapy in patients with the obsessive-compulsive disorder resistant to treatment]

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [OCD] is the fourth prevalent psychiatric disorder. Despite the known first line therapies including Clomipramin and Specified Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors [SSRI], 40% to 50% of the patients are either resistant to treatment or do not show enough response. On the other hand, some of the previous studies have shown a positive effect of Olanzapine augmentation therapy in the OCD patients but, some studies have not confirmed such effects. Therefore, we added the Olanzapine to the medical regimen of the OCD patients and studied the effectiveness of this intervention. Forty two patients with OCD according to DSM-IV-TR who were resistant to treatment with SSRI were entered to the study. 20 patients in the study group were taken 5-10 mg Olanzapine in addition to their previous drug regimen for six weeks. 22 patients in the control group received the above mentioned drug regimen without Olanzapine. Then, in order to evaluate the severity of disorder, the Yale-Brown test was done at the first, third and the sixth weeks after the study. 6 patients were withdrawn from the study because of the complications of the Olanzapine. YBOCS score in the treatment group was 33.6 +/- 5 and in the control group was 34.8 +/- 3.3. After Olanzapine augmentation therapy the score decreased to a mean of 7.2 +/- 6.1 in the treatment group and 7.1 +/- 5.9 in the control group. However, there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups [P>0.001]. The findings of this study showed that Olanzapine as augmentation, supplemental and strengthening therapy has a neutral effect in OCD patients

Prevalence of methicilin resistance staphylococcus aureus in different wards of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, in 2007-2008

Always Staphylococcus aureus is among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The unique ability of this organism to develop resistance to virtually any new antibacterial agent reflects the extraordinary capacity of this organism to adapt and survive in a great variety of environments. The purpose of this study is the detection of prevalence of Methicilin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] in Imam Hossein Hospital, in Tehran. This prevalence helps us to apply the best and correct antibiotic for this pathogen. For this cross sectional study- all samples of admitted patients [with a suspicion of infection], were evaluated from Nov. 2007 to Aug. 2008. Isolated staphylococci- tested for methicilin sensitivity by disc diffusion method [Methicilin disc]. Of 6640 tested samples, 143 [2.1%] revealed to be positive for Staphylococcus aureus of whom 113 [79%] were MRSA. Logistic regression showed a significant association between wards with prevalence of MRSA [p<0.028]. The prevalence was more visible in Orthopedic, Neurologic Wards, and ICU. In this study there was no association between gender, sample type and age of patients with MRSA rate. In our study, prevalence of MRSA infection in Imam Hosein Hospital was 79%. Different Hospitals should identify prevalence of MRSA in different wards and declare causes of more prevalence in some wards then a coordinated program would lead to measures designed to reduce this incidence. The results highlight the need for effective implementation of infection control measures in the hospital. There is a need for the judicious use of antimicrobial agents in the hospital and outside as their indiscriminate use can exert pressure in selecting out MRSA and other multidrug resistant organisms

[Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus on adults habitual constipation in gastrointestinal clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad: a pilot study]

Constipation is a common problem in elderly subjects. Probiotics have been suggested to improve intestinal motility and to reduce fecal enzyme activity. In this study, the effect of lactobacillus acidophilus tablets on elderly subjects was compared with placebo. Elderly subjects [n = 48] with chief complaint of constipation were enrolled in a randomly double-blind study. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: control group, receiving placebo every 8 hours for one month, and study group, receiving lactobacillus acidophilus tablet every 8 hours for one month. Subjects with lactose intolerance and other pathologic conditions were omitted. At the end of 4 weeks, all subjects were questioned on the relief of constipation and other symptoms. Response to treatment and complications were compared between the two groups. In subjects receiving lactobacillus acidophilus, 50%[13 subjects] responded well and had relief of constipation, 23.1%[6 subjects] showed relative response and 26.9%[7 subjects] did not respond. In subjects receiving placebo, 40% [6 subjects] had relief of constipation, 13.3% [2 subjects] responded relatively well and in 46.7% [7 subjects] no response was seen [p=0.388]. New signs were observed in 5 subjects [19.2%] receiving lactobacillus acidophilus and 1 subject [6.7%] receiving placebo. After 4 weeks, 2 subjects [7.7%] receiving lactobacillus acidophilus and 1 subject [6.7%] receiving placebo re-experienced constipation. Some relief of constipation could be observed with lactobacillus acidophilus tablets, but there was no significant difference between the two groups

[Effect of aqueous seed extract of securigera securidaca on erythrocytes catalase activity in type 1 diabetic rats]

Complications in diabetes mellitus are associated with free radicals and oxidative stress. The human body prevents these complications through antioxidant defense mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous seed extract of Securigera Securidaca on erythrocyte catalase activity in typel diabetic rats. At the present interventional study thirty male wistar rats were used. Animals were divided to two groups including normal and diabetic [n = 15 per each group].Each group was divided further to control and experimental subgroups. The experimental subgroups were received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of the plant extract intraperitoneally. After thirty days administration, blood sample was directly collected from the heart and erythrocyte catalase activity was assessed. catalase activity decreased in diabetic control group significantly [P = 0.002].Furthermore, catalase activity in groups treated at two doses of l00mg/kg and 200mg/kg was significantly different as compared to control group [P = 0.003]. The aqueous seed extract of Securigera Securidaca probably could be effective in decreasing diabetic complications through improvement of antioxidant response by altering catalase activity and consequently reducing oxidative stress

[Occurrence of malignant neuroleptic syndrome due to the intake of risperidone in low-risk patients]

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome [NMS] is a rare but potentially fatal problem induced by the consumption of antipsychotic drugs, especially traditional drugs which are more common in youngsters and males. This paper describes the first reported case of a clinical presentation of NMS [induced by the consumption of Risperidone] in an old woman, who was suffering from psychotic processes. Due to psychotic depression and with differential diagnosis of schizoaffective, the woman had been prescribed a low and medium dosage of Risperidone, but she suddenly and unexpectedly developed clinical NMS. Despite special treatments and services, she passed away after 14 days. In spite of rare universal reports regarding the development of NMS induced by the consumption of Risperidone, so far no occurrence of NMS in aged women has been reported

Association of variable number of tandem repeats in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with coronary artery disease

Endo-derived nitric oxide [NO] is synthesized from L-arginine by endothelium nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]. Since reduced NO synthesis has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis; we hypothesized that polymorphisms of NOS gene might be associated with increased susceptibility to this disorder and coronary artery disease [CAD]. We studied the 27 base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron4 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS] gene in 141 unrelated CAD patients with positive coronary angiograms in Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital and 159 age matched control subjects without a history of symptomatic CAD. The study protocol was approved by the Iran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee. The eNOS gene intron4a/b VNTR polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The plasma lipids levels and other risk factors were also determined. The genotype frequencies for eNOS4b/b, eNOS4a/b and eNOS4a/a were 68.8, 29.1 and 2.1% in CAD subjects, and 81, 18.4 and 0.6% in control subjects, respectively. The genotype frequencies differed significantly between the two groups [X[2]=6.38 P=0.041]. The frequency of the allele was 16.7% in CAD subjects and 9.8% in control subjects and was significantly higher in the patients [X[2]=6.18 P=0.013, odds ratio=1.84]. Plasma lipids, except HDL-C were also remarkablely increased in CAD group

[ effect of Opium addiction on response to major operation stress]

Internal medicine consultants are frequently asked to evaluate patients' tolerance against the stress of an intended surgical operation. Classification of surgical operations to mild, moderate and major is based on the morbidity and mortality rates due to the procedure, duration of procedure and underlying risk factors of the patient. Body response to surgical stress is via some hormonal alterations following the activation of hypothalamo pituarity adrenal axis [HPA] and hormonal changes reflect the degree of surgical stress. Due to high prevalence of addict patients operated in our surgery center and the established effect of opioid agents on HPA, this case - control study designed to detect the effect of chronic opioid usage on body response to major operation stress. Twenty six patients selected for laparatomy, thoracotomy or thyroiedectomy in two equal and matched groups of opium - addict and nonaddict were studied for alterations in serum cortisol, CRP, Glucose and interleukin -6 immediately after the induction of anesthesia and 4 and 24hours postoperatively. The obtained results were analyzed by t-test. Serum cortisol level of addict group 24 hours after operation [288ng/dl] showed significant increase comparing to that of non-addict group [195ng/dl]. The obtained result show more sever response of opium addicts to major surgery stress comparing to non addicts

[ effect of opium addiction on response to major operation stress]

Internal medicine consultants are frequently asked to evaluate patients' tolerance against the stress of an intended surgical operation. Classification of surgical operations to mild, moderate and major is based on the morbidity and mortality rates due to the procedure, duration of procedure and underlying risk factors of the patient. Body response to surgical stress is via some hormonal alterations following the activation of hypothalamo pituarity adrenal axis [HPA] and hormonal changes reflect the degree of surgical stress. Due to high prevalence of addict patients operated in our surgery center and the established effect of opioid agents on HPA, this case - control study designed to detect the effect of chronic opioid usage on body response to major operation stress. Twenty six patients selected for laparatomy, thoracotomy or thyroidectomy in two equal and matched groups of opium - addict and nonaddict were studied for alterations in serum cortisol, CRP, Glucose and interleukin -6 immediately after the induction of anesthesia and 4 and 24 hours postoperatively. The obtained results were analyzed by t-test. Serum cortisol level of addict group 24 hours after operation [288 ng/dl] showed significant increase comparing to that of non-addict group [195 ng/dl]. The obtained result show more severe response of opium addicts to major surgery stress comparing to non addicts

[Study of chronic oral administration of verapamil on immunologic and hematologic parameters of male rats]

Introduction: Verapamil, a phenylalkylamin -type ca[2+] channel blocker, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Material and Methods: In this study , the chronic effects of oral administration of the drug on hematologi and immunologic parameters of male Wistar rats have been studied. Verapamil was administered orally at dosages of 10, 20, 50 mg/kg for two months, while control rats received only distilled water. We studied leukocyte and erythrocyte counts by use of light microscopy

Results: The lymphocyte counts were decreased [%10] in rats treated with 20, 50 mg/kg of verapamil compared to control group. The monocyte counts were signifigantly increased [%5-8] at the end of treatment in the verapamil group. There were no significant differences in the body weight, total white and red blood cell counts, and neutrophil count compared to control group

Conclusion: These results should be taken into consideration in the chronic treatment of patients with verapamil and they suggest that immune parameters of such patients should be monitored during the treatment course

[Determination of P53 gene mutations in gastric cancer by PCR-SSCP]

Background and Objective: gastric cancer is the 2nd cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Approximately 12% of all cancer death are due to gastric cancer. Tumorgenesis is thought to be a multistep process involving a series of genetic changes in oncogenes and suppressor genes. The most common cancer-related genetic change known in human tumors is P53 mutation, particularly in gastric cancer. This study was done to determine P53 gene mutations in gastric cancer

Materials and Methods: this study was performed on 44 biopsy from patients with gastric cancer during 2002 in 3 hospitals in Tehran. For determination of P53 gene mutations was performed PCR-SSCP methods

Results: the patients group comprised 31 males and 13 females [Average age, 60.8 years Ranging from 34 to 84 years]. 36 cases [81.8%] intestinal type, 5 cases [11.4%] were diffuse type and 3 cases no defined. 44 gastric cancers of gastric tissues were screened for the mutations of P53 gene mutations in exons 5-8 using the PCR-SSCP analysis. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 9 patients [20.5%] showed an apparent electrophoretic mobility shift between the cancer and other normal samples. One mutation in exon 5 [11.1%], 2 were detected in exon 6 [22.2%], 3 were found in exon 7 [33.3%] and 3 were detected in exon 8 [33.3%]. The mutation rate was 7 of 36 [21.2%] in intestinal type and 2 of [40%] in diffuse type. No significant correlation between P53 gene mutations and age and genus was found

Conclusion: this investigation showed the rate P53 gene mutation [20.5%] in gastric cancer in our society

Nitric oxide donor [DETA NONOate] enhance experimental wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes is characterized by a nitric oxide deficiency at the wound site. Diabetes is a factor that influences all stages of wound healing. In animals with acute experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin [STZ], the early inflammatory responses after wounding is impaired, fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation is reduced as well as accumulation of reparative collagen and gain in wound breaking strength. In this study we investigated whether exogenous nitric oxide supplimentation with nitric oxide donor DETA NONOate could reverse impaired healing in diabetes. Method: In this study male Sprague Dawley Rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal streptozotocin administration. Nine days after induction of diabetes [blood glucose greater than 250 mg/dl], were given full thickness dermal wounds [1x1 cm]. The test group [n=6] was treated with 100p mole DETA NONOate in phosphate buffer while control wounds in the control subjects [n=6] received sterile phosphate buffer on the same day and subsequently every three days. Urinary nitrate output was quantitated daily prior to wounding, during wound healing [21 days] and following external wound closure. The rate of wound healing was determined by video image analysis on the day of wounding and every 3 days during wound healing [21 days]. Result: The results suggest nitric oxide donor DETA NONOate can reverse impaired healing associated with diabetes [P<0.001] and urinary nitrate [NO-3] output may reflect the extent of repair in this wound model [P<0.001]. Site specific delivery of nitric oxide via NO-donor DETA NONOate could be an effective therepeutic strategy to impaired diabetic wound healing